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Constantine XI Palaiologos
Constantine XI〔In older sources sometimes Constantine XII, if Constantine Laskaris (1204–05) is counted, cf. Alice-Mary Tost, "Constantine XI Palaiologos", A. P. Kazhdan, ed., ''The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'' (Oxford University Press, 1991 (2005 )).〕 Dragases Palaiologos, Latinized as Palaeologus ((ギリシア語:Κωνσταντῖνος ΙΑ' Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος), ''Kōnstantinos XI Dragasēs Palaiologos''; 8 February 1405〔Donald M. Nicol, ''The Immortal Emperor'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1992)〕〔Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991〕 – 29 May 1453) was the last reigning Byzantine Emperor,〔Donald MacGillivray Nicol, ''The last centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1993), p.369〕〔A.Vasiliev, ''History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453'', volume 2 (1958), p.589〕〔William J. Duiker, Jackson J. Spielvogel, ''World History'', Volume I (2009), p.378〕 reigning as a member of the Palaiologos dynasty from 1449 to his death in battle at the fall of Constantinople. Following his death, he became a legendary figure in Greek folklore as the "Marble Emperor" who would awaken and recover the Empire and Constantinople from the Ottomans.〔David Nicolle, John F. Haldon, Stephen R. Turnbull, ''The fall of Constantinople: the Ottoman conquest of Byzantium'', Osprey, 2007, p.191〕 His death marked the end of the Roman Empire, which had continued in the East for 977 years after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.〔George W. White, ''Nationalism and territory: constructing group identity in Southeastern Europe'' (London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000), pp.124〕
==Biography==
Constantine was born in Constantinople,〔 as the eighth of ten children to Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena Dragaš, the daughter of the Serbian magnate Constantine Dragaš. He was extremely fond of his mother and added her surname (Dragases) next to his own dynastic one when he ascended the imperial throne. He spent most of his childhood in Constantinople under the supervision of his parents. He was governor of Selymbria for a time, until surrendering the role to his brother Theodore in 1443. During the absence of his older brother John at the Council of Florence in Italy, Constantine served as his regent in Constantinople (1437–1440).
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